Concurrent presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and bullous pemphigoid: a rare case report

Historically, adolescents and young adults diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have faced lower survival rates compared to children with the same illness. Bullous pemphigoid (BP), a rare autoimmune skin disorder, poses unique challenges when occurring alongside hematologic malignancies. A 23-year-old male with ALL-L1 diagnosis who developed bullous pemphigoid in this report. The patient exhibited typical ALL-L1 symptoms, including constitutional manifestations and signs of bone marrow compromise. Dermatological assessment revealed extensive edematous urticaria-like plaques, erosions, excoriations, crusts, and a hemorrhagic bulla. Severe thrombocytopenia was evident in laboratory tests, with histopathological examination confirming bullous pemphigoid. Despite aggressive treatment, including platelet transfusions, the patient's condition worsened. This case emphasizes the critical need for timely diagnosis and intervention in patients with concurrent hematologic and dermatologic conditions, as mortality rates may surpass those in BP patients without comorbidities.