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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

6.6K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
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Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

2.7K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

177
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
177
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

115
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
115
Crossover Experiments01:16

Crossover Experiments

2.7K
Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
2.7K
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

4.2K
Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Updated: May 31, 2025

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
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Pragmatic Clinical Trials: A Study Design for Real-World Evidence.

Bernadette Capili1, Joyce K Anastasi

  • 1Bernadette Capili is director of the Heilbrunn Family Center for Research Nursing at Rockefeller University, New York City, and Joyce K. Anastasi is the Independence Foundation Professor of Nursing and founding director of Special Studies in Symptom Management at New York University. This manuscript was supported in part by grant No. UL1TR001866 from the National Institutes of Health's National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences Clinical and Translational Science Awards Program. Contact author and column coordinator: Bernadette Capili, bcapili@rockefeller.edu. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

The American Journal of Nursing
|January 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article series provides nurses with essential knowledge for clinical research and evidence-based practice. It covers key concepts from research design to data interpretation, serving as a valuable nursing resource.

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing Research
  • Evidence-Based Practice

Background:

  • This is the 25th article in a series focused on clinical research for nurses.
  • The series is coordinated by the Heilbrunn Family Center for Research Nursing at Rockefeller University.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To serve as a resource for nurses to understand research principles.
  • To explain concepts underpinning evidence-based practice.

Main Methods:

  • The series presents concepts essential to research.
  • Each column covers topics from research design to data interpretation.

Main Results:

  • Nurses will gain a foundational understanding of clinical research.
  • The series aims to enhance the application of evidence-based practice in nursing.

Conclusions:

  • This series is a vital educational tool for nurses.
  • It supports the integration of research principles into daily nursing practice.