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Fully Inkjet-Printed Flexible Graphene-Prussian Blue Platform for Electrochemical Biosensing.

Željka Boček1, Marko Zubak1, Petar Kassal1

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Summary

This study developed a fully inkjet-printed graphene-Prussian Blue platform for biosensors. This novel fabrication method offers enhanced sensitivity and stability for detecting hydrogen peroxide and lactate in sweat.

Keywords:
Prussian Blueenzymatic sensorflexible biosensorinkjet printingintense pulsed lightlactate sensorsweat lactate

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biosensor Technology

Background:

  • Prussian Blue (PB) is crucial for electrochemical enzymatic devices, enabling hydrogen peroxide determination at low potentials.
  • Inkjet printing is emerging as a viable alternative to screen printing for electrochemical sensor fabrication.
  • Graphene-Prussian Blue composites offer promising platforms for electrochemical biosensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a fully inkjet-printed graphene-Prussian Blue (PB) platform for creating versatile biosensors.
  • To optimize inkjet printing parameters for graphene electrodes and PB nanoparticle deposition.
  • To evaluate the performance of the inkjet-printed platform for hydrogen peroxide detection and lactate biosensing.

Main Methods:

  • Inkjet printing of graphene electrodes on flexible polyimide substrates.
  • Intense pulsed light treatment for graphene electrode optimization.
  • Inkjet printing of Prussian Blue nanoparticle suspension onto graphene electrodes.
  • Comparison of inkjet-printed PB with chemically deposited or drop-casted PB on various carbon electrodes.
  • Immobilization of lactate oxidase in a chitosan matrix for lactate biosensing.

Main Results:

  • The fully inkjet-printed graphene-PB platform demonstrated superior sensitivity, a wider linear range, and enhanced stability for hydrogen peroxide detection compared to other methods.
  • Optimized inkjet printing and post-treatment yielded electrodes with minimal sheet resistance and peak potential differences.
  • The lactate biosensor showed comparable analytical performance to existing lactate sensors in a physiologically relevant range for sweat analysis.

Conclusions:

  • A single-fabrication technology approach for mediator-modified electrodes enables scalable production of low-cost, wearable, and flexible biosensors.
  • The fully inkjet-printed graphene-PB platform is a promising foundation for next-generation biosensing devices.
  • This technology facilitates the development of customized biosensors for various analytes by pairing with different oxidase enzymes.