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Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability: Overview01:13

Bioavailability: Overview

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Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an unaltered drug that, after administration, enters the systemic circulation and can be distributed to the desired action site. Factors such as gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and liver biotransformation influence the bioavailability of a drug when it is administered orally. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the systemic circulation directly; by definition, its bioavailability is assumed to be 100%. The bioavailability of an...
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Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

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Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
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Drug Absorption: Overview01:17

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The process of drug absorption signifies the transition of a drug from its site of administration into the plasma. This process is influenced by various factors, including the route of administration, the anatomy of the absorption site, the mechanism of absorption, gut motility, and the drug's physicochemical properties.
When drugs are injected intravenously, they directly enter the systemic circulation. Alternatively, orally administered drugs navigate through the gastrointestinal (GI)...
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Pharmacokinetics is a scientific discipline that focuses on the journey of a drug within the body, encompassing four key stages: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The first stage, absorption, involves the drug's transfer into the bloodstream. Several factors dictate the extent and speed of this process. For example, the liver often metabolizes oral drugs before they reach systemic circulation, leading to only partial absorption. In contrast, intravenous (IV)...
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Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

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The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
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Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview01:15

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A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
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Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the High-throughput Analysis of Clinical Samples of Ivacaftor, Its Major Metabolites, and Lumacaftor in Biological Fluids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients
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Sofosbuvir: A comprehensive profile.

Jude Majed Lababidi1, Mohamed Fawzy Kabil1, Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, New Cairo, Egypt.

Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients, and Related Methodology
|January 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sofosbuvir, a direct-acting antiviral, treats chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) by inhibiting viral replication. This review details its properties, synthesis, and analytical methods for assessing sofosbuvir in various samples.

Keywords:
HPLC analysisNMR analysisPharmacokineticsSofosbuvirSpectrophotometric analysisThermal analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Chemistry
  • Virology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Sofosbuvir is a nucleotide analogue and a direct-acting antiviral (DAA).
  • It is a key medication for treating chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections.
  • Sofosbuvir inhibits HCV replication by disrupting RNA production, thus lowering viral load.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of sofosbuvir.
  • To cover its nomenclature, physicochemical properties, synthesis, and thermal analysis.
  • To present analytical methods for its assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing data on sofosbuvir.
  • Examination of analytical techniques including spectrophotometry and chromatography.
  • Analysis of sofosbuvir in various biological and pharmaceutical matrices.

Main Results:

  • Detailed information on sofosbuvir's chemical and physical characteristics.
  • Overview of synthetic routes and thermal stability.
  • Compilation of spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods for sofosbuvir quantification.

Conclusions:

  • Sofosbuvir is a vital DAA for HCV treatment.
  • Understanding its properties and analytical methods is crucial for quality control and therapeutic use.
  • This review consolidates essential information for researchers and clinicians.