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Related Concept Videos

Active Filters01:25

Active Filters

710
Active filters are electronic circuits that use operational amplifiers (op-amps), resistors, and capacitors to filter out unwanted frequency components from a signal. A first-order low-pass active filter is designed to pass signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuate frequencies higher than that cutoff frequency. The transfer function for a first-order low-pass active filter is:
710
Passive Filters01:27

Passive Filters

452
Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff...
452
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of PI Control01:27

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of PI Control

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Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers are essential in many control systems to improve stability and performance. They are commonly used in everyday devices like thermostats to enhance system damping and reduce steady-state error. When the zero in the controller's transfer function is optimally placed, the system benefits significantly in terms of stability and accuracy.
Acting as a low-pass filter, the PI controller slows the system's response and extends settling times. This requires...
102
Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

152
Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
152
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

82
Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any...
82
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

75
Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
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A Novel Active Polyphase Filter Employing Frequency-Dependent Image Rejection Enhancement Technique.

Yue Yin1, Haobo Qi1, Haodong Lu1

  • 1School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1 Dongxiang Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an 710129, China.

Micromachines
|January 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new frequency-dependent technique enhances image rejection in low intermediate frequency (low-IF) receivers. This method compensates for secondary pole imbalances, improving image rejection ratio (IRR) by over 30 dB for high-frequency applications.

Keywords:
complex filterenhancement techniqueimage rejectionlow intermediate frequency receivernotch filterpolyphase filter

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Image interference rejection is critical in low intermediate frequency (low-IF) receivers.
  • Conventional active polyphase filters (APPFs) suffer from degraded image rejection ratio (IRR) at high frequencies due to secondary pole imbalances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a frequency-dependent image rejection enhancement technique for APPFs.
  • To overcome the limitations of conventional methods by compensating for secondary pole effects.

Main Methods:

  • A frequency-dependent image rejection enhancement technique based on secondary pole compensation is proposed.
  • The dominant pole frequency of the high-pass filter (HPF) is adjusted to mitigate image interference.
  • The proposed active polyphase filter (APPF) was simulated and fabricated using a 180-nm CMOS process.

Main Results:

  • Simulations show an IRR improvement of over 30 dB at hundreds of MHz.
  • Measured IRR exceeds -31 dB between 95 and 105 MHz.
  • The technique demonstrates excellent IRR for quadrature input signals with phase imbalance.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed secondary pole compensation technique effectively enhances IRR in APPFs.
  • This method overcomes the operating frequency limitations imposed by secondary poles.
  • The design offers a robust solution for image interference rejection in high-frequency low-IF receivers.