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Intergenerational impacts of racial discrimination on child executive functioning problems
Nia R Barbee1, Anne L Dunlop2, Elizabeth Corwin3
1Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Infant Mental Health Journal
|January 27, 2025
Summary
Maternal racial discrimination and gendered racial stress negatively impact child executive functioning. Lower income exacerbated this link, while higher education and income amplified the stress-executive function connection.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Public Health
- Sociology
Background:
- Maternal experiences of racial discrimination and gendered racial stress are significant public health concerns.
- Understanding the intergenerational impact of these stressors on child development is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between maternal experiences of discrimination (EOD) and gendered racial stress and offspring executive functioning.
- To examine the moderating roles of maternal education, income, and social support.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal study of 266 Black mother-child pairs in the United States.
- Assessment from pregnancy through child age of 4 years.
- Utilized executive functioning assessments and self-report measures for maternal stressors and moderators.
Main Results:
- Confirmed an intergenerational association: higher maternal EOD and gendered racial stress correlated with lower child executive functioning.
- Income significantly moderated the association between lifetime discrimination and child executive functioning (stronger at lower incomes).
- Higher maternal education and income amplified the association between prenatal gendered racial stress and lower child executive functioning.
Conclusions:
- Maternal racial discrimination and gendered racial stress have lasting impacts on child executive functioning.
- Socioeconomic factors like income and education play complex moderating roles.
- Further research is needed to explore protective factors and targeted interventions.
Keywords:
DiscriminaciónDiscriminationDiskriminierungExekutivfunktionenRisikodiscriminationexecutive functioningfacteur protecteurfactor de protecciónfonctionnement exécutiffunción ejecutivaintergeneracionalintergenerationalintergénérationnelprotectiveprotektivriesgoriskrisqueالتمييز، بين الأجيال، الأداء التنفيذي، المخاطر، الحماية差別、世代間、実行機能、リスク、保護的歧视, 代际, 执行功能, 风险, 保护
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