Deployment and combat experiences and their impact on partner substance use

Despite burgeoning evidence of the negative effects of service experiences on service members' spouses/partners, limited research has examined these effects in the context of substance use. Additionally, a strong literature demonstrates the protective role relationship satisfaction can play for health-related outcomes. The goal of the present research is to examine relations between service experiences (i.e., deployment, combat exposure) and partner substance use, as well as how relationship satisfaction may buffer these effects. Data from 275 civilian partners were drawn from Operation: SAFETY (Soldiers And Families Excelling Through the Years), a longitudinal study examining health among US Army Reserve/National Guard (USAR/NG) soldiers and partners. Analyses examined relations between soldier service history (baseline) and civilian partner alcohol/ drug use (two-year follow-up), as well as interactions with relationship satisfaction. Models controlled for civilian partner sex and age, and soldiers' self-reported PTSD symptoms and substance use. Results revealed interactions between service experiences and partner satisfaction for models predicting alcohol consumption and heavy drinking. Higher relationship satisfaction mitigated overall alcohol consumption and heavy drinking frequency among partners of soldiers with two or more deployments, and among partners of soldiers with higher combat exposure. Soldier service experiences were unrelated to civilian partner drug use. The effects of deployment and combat exposure extend beyond the service member to negatively influence civilian partner alcohol consumption and heavy drinking, with relationship satisfaction buffering these risks. Interventions that assist USAR/NG soldiers and spouses in strengthening their relationships may also help protect against spouse substance use related to soldier service experiences.