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Related Concept Videos

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

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Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels.  Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
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Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

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Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

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Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
When irradiated by EMR of a particular wavelength, these...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

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In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Absorption-Emission Codes for Atomic and Molecular Quantum Information Platforms.

Shubham P Jain1, Eric R Hudson2,3, Wesley C Campbell2,3

  • 1University of Maryland, NIST, Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, /, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|January 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diatomic molecular codes fail to protect quantum information from common atomic and molecular noise. New absorption-emission (Æ) codes offer a more robust and practical solution for quantum error correction.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum information science
  • Atomic and molecular physics
  • Quantum error correction

Background:

  • Diatomic molecular codes encode quantum information in molecular orientation.
  • These codes aim for error correction against torques and angular momentum changes.
  • Previous research proposed molecular codes for robust quantum information storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the vulnerability of diatomic molecular codes to native atomic and molecular noise.
  • To identify conditions for effective quantum error correction codes.
  • To develop and present alternative, more practical quantum error correction codes.

Main Methods:

  • Direct simulation of noise effects (spontaneous emission, electromagnetic fields, Raman scattering) on diatomic molecular codes.
  • Derivation of analytical conditions for code robustness against noise.
  • Identification and development of absorption-emission (Æ) codes.

Main Results:

  • Diatomic molecular codes were found to be susceptible to spontaneous emission, stray electromagnetic fields, and Raman scattering.
  • Sufficient conditions for noise protection in quantum codes were derived.
  • New absorption-emission (Æ) codes were identified and developed, demonstrating superior practicality and noise resilience.

Conclusions:

  • Diatomic molecular codes are not suitable for protecting quantum information in realistic atomic and molecular systems due to native noise.
  • Absorption-emission (Æ) codes provide a more viable approach for quantum error correction, offering lower momentum requirements and broader applicability.
  • The developed Æ codes can protect against photonic processes of arbitrary order, enhancing their utility in quantum technologies.