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Deep Thermalization in Gaussian Continuous-Variable Quantum Systems.

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  • 1National University of Singapore, Department of Physics, Singapore 117551.

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Emergent universality arises in continuous-variable systems. The induced ensemble of states becomes universal, resembling unsqueezed coherent states, independent of measurement basis.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Quantum Information Theory

Background:

  • Studying equilibration dynamics in complex quantum systems is crucial.
  • Continuous-variable (CV) systems offer a rich platform for exploring quantum phenomena.
  • Existing theories often focus on thermalization, but novel equilibration forms may exist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To uncover emergent universality in the equilibration dynamics of multimode CV systems.
  • To investigate the properties of state ensembles generated by Gaussian measurements.
  • To generalize concepts like 'deep thermalization' to CV systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of pure states on a subsystem generated by Gaussian measurements on remaining modes.
  • Study of globally pure bosonic Gaussian states.
  • Investigation of highly entangled initial states like random Gaussian and product squeezed states.

Main Results:

  • An emergent universal form in the induced state ensemble, independent of measurement basis.
  • The universal ensemble consists of unsqueezed coherent states with normally and isotropically distributed displacements.
  • Variance in the universal distribution depends solely on particle-number density.

Conclusions:

  • The observed universality is consistent with a generalized maximum entropy principle.
  • The resulting 'Gaussian Scrooge distribution' possesses minimal accessible information.
  • This work extends 'deep thermalization' concepts to CV systems, revealing new physical principles in quantum dynamics.