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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2025

A Novel Culture Model for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Propagation on Gelatin in Placenta-conditioned Media
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Ground-state pluripotent stem cells are characterized by Rac1-dependent cadherin-enriched F-actin complexes.

Shiying Liu1, Yue Meng1, Xi Lan1

  • 1Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore.

Journal of Cell Science
|January 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) show distinct actin cytoskeleton structures. Researchers identified novel non-junctional cadherin complexes (NJCCs) in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) that may indicate pluripotency states.

Keywords:
ActinE-cadherinFilopodiaNaïve pluripotencyPluripotency transitionPrime pluripotency

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are crucial for developmental biology research.
  • Understanding PSCs' cellular architecture and mechanobiology is essential.
  • Different PSC types reflect distinct embryogenesis stages but their differences are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate actin cytoskeleton regulation in different pluripotency states.
  • Characterize novel cellular structures in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs).
  • Identify regulators of these structures and their potential roles.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of actin cytoskeleton in mESCs and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs).
  • Characterization of non-junctional cadherin complexes (NJCCs) using microscopy and biochemical assays.
  • Investigation of E-cadherin domain dependence and calcium ion (Ca2+) effects.
  • Assessment of Rac1 activity on NJCCs and β-catenin localization.

Main Results:

  • A significant actin cytoskeleton reorganization occurs during the transition from naïve mESCs to prime EpiSCs.
  • mESCs feature actin-enriched cortical structures termed non-junctional cadherin complexes (NJCCs).
  • NJCCs are under low mechanical tension, depend on the E-cadherin ectodomain, show minimal Ca2+ dependence, and are negatively regulated by active Rac1.

Conclusions:

  • NJCCs may form via cis-association of E-cadherin ectodomains and play a role in ground-state pluripotency.
  • NJCCs can serve as structural markers to differentiate between pluripotent stem cell populations.
  • Rac1 negatively regulates NJCCs by promoting β-catenin dissociation and fragmentation.