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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:28

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

884
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow...
884
Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

311
β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

505
Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
505
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

375
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
375
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

1.5K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.5K
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

754
Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
754

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

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Rate Versus Rhythm Control for Atrial Fibrillation with Heart Failure.

Sanjeev Saksena1, April Slee2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Rutgers -Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Biostatistics, Electrophysiology Research Foundation, Warren, NJ, USA.

Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics
|February 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are a growing epidemic. Newer rhythm control strategies, including catheter ablation, show promise for improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with both conditions.

Keywords:
Antiarhythmic drugsAtrial fibrillationCatheter ablationHeart failureHybrid therapyRhythm control

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The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
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Last Updated: May 29, 2025

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
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The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Heart Failure Research

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are increasingly prevalent, often co-existing cardiovascular conditions.
  • AF is a significant risk factor for HF progression and mortality.
  • Both conditions contribute to cardiac substrate disease in atria and ventricles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of AF on HF development and progression.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of contemporary rhythm control strategies in AF patients with HF.
  • To assess the role of catheter ablation in improving cardiovascular outcomes for AF with HF.

Main Methods:

  • Review of early studies comparing rate versus rhythm control in AF.
  • Analysis of recent evidence on modern antiarrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation for AF with HF.
  • Evaluation of outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) populations.

Main Results:

  • Early studies showed no significant cardiovascular outcome benefit with older rhythm control strategies.
  • AF independently contributes to HF emergence and hospitalizations.
  • Current rhythm control strategies, including catheter ablation, demonstrate improved cardiovascular outcomes in AF with HF, particularly in HFrEF.

Conclusions:

  • Contemporary rhythm control, especially catheter ablation, offers benefits for patients with AF and HF.
  • Catheter ablation has shown positive effects on HF outcomes in HFrEF.
  • Larger studies are required to confirm benefits in HFpEF patients with AF.