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Related Concept Videos

The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
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Cyclic Processes And Isolated Systems01:19

Cyclic Processes And Isolated Systems

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A thermodynamic system with zero heat exchange and work is an isolated system. For these systems, the internal energy remains constant.
In the case of a non-isolated system, the change in the internal energy is zero only if the process is cyclic. A thermodynamic process is considered cyclic if the system undergoes a series of changes and returns to its initial state. 
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Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle01:16

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The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, which is the same before and after the completion of the Carnot cycle, there is no change in its internal energy. Hence, using the first law of thermodynamics, the total heat exchanged by the ideal gas equals the total work done. Thus, we can quantify the efficiency of the Carnot cycle via the heat exchanged...
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Converting work to heat is an irreversible process, and the purpose of a heat engine is to reverse the effect partially. Heat engines aim to increase the efficiency of the reversal, that is, maximize the work retrieved from heat. If the efficiency of a heat engine were 100%, it would imply reversing the process completely without introducing any other effect. Thus, it would violate the second law of thermodynamics.
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Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
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Cyclic CO2 storage operation driven entirely by geothermal power.

Nan Tai1, Xiaolin Bao1, Ian Gates1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

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PubMed
Summary

This study shows that combining carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration with geothermal energy production can offset injection energy needs. This integrated approach offers a pathway to net-zero emission CO2 storage.

Keywords:
Basal Cambrian sandstone unitCO2 storageCyclic CO2-Plume geothermalMulti-well huff and puffNet zero emission

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Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Energy Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Global decarbonization efforts prioritize carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration.
  • Challenges in large-scale CO2 sequestration include high costs and associated emissions.
  • Integrating CO2 sequestration with geothermal energy generation presents a promising solution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a combined CO2 sequestration and geothermal energy generation system.
  • To assess the feasibility of net-zero emission CO2 storage through energy self-sufficiency.
  • To optimize system design for both CO2 storage efficiency and power generation.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed geothermal modeling of a system with six horizontal wells.
  • Cyclic CO2 injection and hot water extraction in the Basal Cambrian Sandstone Unit, Canada.
  • Analysis of synchronized versus staggered injection and production timings.

Main Results:

  • Geothermal electricity generation can offset the energy required for CO2 injection.
  • A shut-in period enhances CO2 storage but may decrease power output.
  • Synchronized well operations maximize CO2 storage but reduce power generation; staggered operations do the opposite.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed system demonstrates the potential for self-powered CO2 sequestration.
  • Optimizing injection and production timings is crucial for balancing storage efficiency and energy generation.
  • This integrated approach offers a viable strategy for emission-free carbon storage operations.