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Updated: May 4, 2026

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity
Published on: January 10, 2013
Local electrical stimulation: introduction to the problem.
Lev G Agasarov1, Maxim Yu Yakovlev2, Tatyana V Konchugova3
1Department of Physiotherapy, Reflexology, National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow; Department of Restorative Medicine, Rehabilitation and Balneology I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow. lev.agasarov@mail.ru.
Local electrical stimulation, including electroacupuncture and neurostimulation, offers therapeutic benefits by activating nerve afferents. Low-intensity stimuli may hold significant biological importance for various conditions.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Acupuncture Research
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Local electrical stimulation involves delivering therapeutic electric currents to acupuncture point projections.
- Varieties include electroacupuncture and transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS).
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of local electrical stimulation.
- To explore the biological significance of low-intensity stimuli.
- To present clinical applications in pathological conditions.
Main Methods:
- Electropuncture: Irritating minimal skin areas at acupuncture points.
- Electroacupuncture: Delivering current via needles to activate skin and deeper afferents.
- Percutaneous stimulation: Using portable devices for broad skin area irritation.
Main Results:
- The study details the therapeutic mechanisms of these electrical stimulation methods.
- An assumption is made regarding the significant biological role of low-intensity stimuli.
- Specific examples of application in various pathological conditions are provided.
Conclusions:
- Local electrical stimulation encompasses diverse techniques with therapeutic potential.
- Low-intensity electrical stimuli are hypothesized to be biologically significant.
- These methods show promise for treating a range of pathological conditions.
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