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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
605
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

918
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

1.0K
All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Magnetic Moment of an Electron01:23

Magnetic Moment of an Electron

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Electrons revolving around a nucleus are analogous to a circular current carrying loop. This current produces a magnetic dipole moment proportional to the electron's orbital angular momentum. Since the orbital angular momentum is quantized in terms of the reduced Planck's constant, the dipole moment is quantized in the Bohr Magneton. The value of the Bohr magneton is 9.27 x 10-24 Am2. Electrons also have an intrinsic spin angular momentum, and the associated spin magnetic moment is...
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Updated: May 29, 2025

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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Ultrafast Pseudomagnetic Fields from Electron-Nuclear Quantum Geometry.

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|February 6, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists discovered a new way to control magnetism using light-excited vibrations (phonons). This electron-nuclear quantum geometry mechanism offers efficient angular momentum transfer for ultrafast magnetic material design.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Quantum mechanics

Background:

  • Terahertz lasers enable precise control over circular phonon modes.
  • Phonon-induced magnetism is theoretically described by the phonon Zeeman effect.
  • Existing methods lack efficient angular momentum transfer from phonons to electrons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel coupling mechanism for phonon-induced magnetism.
  • To investigate angular momentum transfer via electron-nuclear quantum geometry.
  • To explore the inverse Faraday effect as a limiting case.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling based on electron-nuclear quantum geometry.
  • First-principles simulations.
  • Analysis of phase accumulation in electronic wave functions.

Main Results:

  • A new coupling mechanism is proposed, rooted in quantum geometry.
  • This mechanism facilitates efficient angular momentum transfer.
  • Simulations on SrTiO3 show transient orbital splitting up to 50 meV.

Conclusions:

  • The electron-nuclear quantum geometry coupling offers a pathway for dynamical magnetic design.
  • This mechanism overcomes limitations of the phonon Zeeman effect.
  • Potential for ultrafast control of magnetism in functional materials.