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Statistical Inference for Association Studies in the Presence of Binary Outcome Misclassification
Kimberly A Hochstedler Webb1, Martin T Wells1
1Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University Ithaca, Ithaca, NY, USA.
This study introduces a new algorithm to correct for binary outcome misclassification bias in public health studies. The method corrects effect estimates without needing gold standard labels, improving accuracy in association studies.
Area of Science:
- Biostatistics
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Binary outcome misclassification is a common issue in biomedical and public health research, leading to biased effect estimates.
- Addressing this misclassification in regression models is often challenging due to model identifiability problems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a novel algorithm to correct for binary outcome misclassification in regression models.
- To address model identifiability issues by characterizing them as a specific case of 'label-switching'.
Main Methods:
- Characterized identifiability problems as 'label-switching' and leveraged parameter estimate patterns.
- Developed an algorithm that does not require gold standard labels, assuming sensitivity plus specificity exceeds 1.
- Applied a label-switching correction within estimation methods to recover unbiased effect estimates and misclassification rates.
Main Results:
- The proposed algorithm successfully recovers unbiased effect estimates in the presence of binary outcome misclassification.
- The method effectively estimates misclassification rates.
- Open-source software is provided for implementation, validated through simulation studies and application to MEPS data.
Conclusions:
- The developed algorithm provides a feasible solution for correcting binary outcome misclassification bias in regression models.
- This method enhances the reliability of effect estimates in association studies without needing gold standard data.
- The approach offers a valuable tool for improving the accuracy of findings in public health and biomedical research.
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