Lymphangiogenesis orchestrating tumor microenvironment: Face changing in immunotherapy.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Vascular Biology

Background:

• The lymphatic system, particularly lymphatic vessels (LVs), plays a complex role in the tumor microenvironment.
• Evidence suggests LVs can both enhance immune surveillance and promote immune suppression, creating a paradox in cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review regulatory factors of lymphangiogenesis (the formation of new LVs).
• To discuss the intricate effects of LVs on cancer immunotherapy.
• To examine the link between lymphangiogenesis and tertiary lymphoid structures.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing research on lymphangiogenesis and immunotherapy.
• Critical evaluation of current therapeutic strategies targeting LVs.
• Analysis of the interplay between LVs, immune cells, and tumor progression.

Main Results:

• Lymphangiogenesis is tightly regulated within tumors, influencing immune cell trafficking.
• LVs can impair anti-tumor immunity by promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment.
• Tertiary lymphoid structures may be influenced by lymphangiogenesis, impacting therapeutic response.

Conclusions:

• Targeting lymphangiogenesis presents a promising strategy to enhance immunotherapy efficacy.
• Further research is needed to understand the dual role of LVs and develop precise therapeutic interventions.
• Optimizing immunotherapy requires a comprehensive understanding of lymphatic system dynamics in cancer.