An Active-Learning Framework for Educating Medical Students on SARS-CoV-2 Variants and COVID-19 Epidemiology

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Virology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Emerging Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants pose significant global public health risks, necessitating continuous monitoring and classification.
• Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in educating patients about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), addressing concerns, and providing guidance.
• Medical students require a strong understanding of SARS-CoV-2 variant evolution and spread to effectively manage infectious diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate a team-based learning (TBL) module for medical students focused on SARS-CoV-2 variants.
• To enhance students' comprehension of viral pathogenesis, genetic mutations, and variant classification.
• To foster higher-order thinking skills in applying foundational scientific concepts to clinical scenarios related to infectious diseases.

Main Methods:

• A team-based learning (TBL) framework was implemented within a first-year medical school hematology block.
• The module included a 7-question readiness assurance process (iRAT) and a 4-question application exercise (tRAT).
• The study involved 104 medical students during the 2021-2022 academic years.

Main Results:

• Student performance significantly improved, with average scores increasing from 58.8% (iRAT) to 85.9% (tRAT).
• Post-session surveys indicated enhanced student understanding of COVID-19 variant classification and the role of genetic mutations in disease.
• Qualitative feedback highlighted students' improved ability to interpret phylogenetic trees and understand variant roles.

Conclusions:

• The TBL framework effectively cultivates higher-order thinking skills in medical students.
• This educational approach successfully integrates virology, epidemiology, and pathology concepts relevant to infectious diseases.
• The TBL module provides a adaptable platform for discussing novel viral variants and other emerging infectious threats.