Programmable Multiresponse Marangoni Actuator Enabled by a PINPAM/MWCNT Composite Material.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Robotics
• Biomimetics

Background:

• Single-stimulus actuators limit microrobot functionality in complex aquatic settings.
• Biomimetic designs offer inspiration for advanced actuator capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a novel composite actuator responsive to multiple stimuli (light and chemical agents).
• To demonstrate programmable trajectory motion and complex maneuvers for microrobots in aquatic environments.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube (PINPAM/MWCNT) composite actuator.
• Utilizing infrared light and chemical agents for actuator control.
• Designing biomimetic actuator shapes (dovetail, horn) for specific functions.

Main Results:

• The actuator exhibits rapid surface drift and programmable trajectory control (linear, turning, rotation) under infrared light.
• Chemical actuation enables movement and control inspired by natural dovetail structures.
• Horn-shaped actuators can propel and transport cargo, while a circular actuator navigates a U-shaped path autonomously.
• Demonstrated multistimulus-responsive Marangoni effect for actuation.

Conclusions:

• The developed PINPAM/MWCNT actuator offers enhanced control and maneuverability for microrobots.
• Multistimulus responsiveness significantly expands the application potential of miniature actuators.
• This work paves the way for advanced microrobotics and biomimetic robotic systems.