Development of Vitis vinifera nanoemulgel and evaluation of its potential anticancer, antimicrobial and...

Since ancient times, plants with medicinal properties have played a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. The current study focuses on the formulation and assessment of Vitis vinifera (V. vinifera) oil nanoemulgel, exploring its potential antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties.

The incorporation of Vitis vinifera oil into a nanoemulsion was achieved through the self-nanoemulsifying technique, utilizing Tween 80 and Span 80 as emulsifying agents. The addition of Carbopol hydrogel to the nanoemulsion resulted in the formation of a nanoemulgel. The subsequent evaluation focused on the following properties: rheology, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and antimicrobial potentials against seven microbial strains, as well as anticancer activities involving B16-F1, Hep-3B, LX-2, and HeLa cell lines, along with anti-inflammatory activities.

The optimal nanoemulsion formulation had a particle size of 173.19 nm and a low PDI of 0.129. Similarly, the nanoemulgel had a particle size of less than 200 nm and a PDI below 0.15. Its zeta potential was less than - 35 mV, and it exhibited pseudoplastic rheological behavior. V. vinifera oil nanoemulgel demonstrated notable antimicrobial activity against MRSA, P. vulgaris, and K. pneumoniae, with inhibition zones of 27 ± 1.6 mm, 39 ± 2.2 mm, and 24 ± 1.3 mm, respectively. Additionally, it showed enhanced anticancer activity against HeLa, LX-2, B16-F1, and Hep-3B cancer cell lines, with IC₅₀ values of 28.84, 56.23, 151.35, and 66.06 µg/mL, respectively.

These findings show that the nanoemulgel had enhanced activity compared to the oil. Additionally, the nanoemulgel inhibited both COX-1 and COX-2, showing selectivity towards COX-1. This shows the potential of using nanotechnology in the development of pharmaceutical dosage forms.