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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) operate across three levels of application, each representing an increasing degree of complexity: data management, analysis, and prediction. These levels reflect the expanding functionality and versatility of GIS technology in handling spatial data for diverse purposes.Data ManagementAt its foundational level, GIS serves as a tool for data management, enabling the input, storage, retrieval, and organization of spatial data. This level is often employed in...
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are tools for storing, analyzing, and displaying spatial data alongside related attributes. Unlike traditional information systems that address general queries, GIS incorporates spatial components, enabling users to answer "where" and "how far." For example, GIS can process housing data linked to geographic locations like zip codes, allowing insights into population density or housing distribution through thematic maps.GIS integrates technologies such as...
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Understanding Interpersonal Violence Incidence in a U.S.-Mexico Border Community: A Geospatial Approach.

Melissa Wholeben1, Hyunjung Cheon2, Amanda Goodson2

  • 1College of Nursing, The University of Texas at El Paso.

Journal of Forensic Nursing
|February 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Interpersonal violence (IV) is prevalent along the U.S.-Mexico border. This study mapped IV hotspots in El Paso, revealing inner-city high-risk zones for targeted interventions and enhanced forensic nursing care.

Keywords:
GIS (geographic information system)SANEs (sexual assault nurse examiners)interpersonal violencenursingspatial analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Spatial Epidemiology
  • Forensic Nursing

Background:

  • Interpersonal violence (IV) is a global issue with unique complexities at geographic borders.
  • The U.S.-Mexico border region, marked by cultural and economic disparities, is understudied regarding IV.
  • Communities near the U.S.-Mexico border face distinct social and structural challenges contributing to IV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the spatial distribution and characteristics of interpersonal violence (IV) incidents in the El Paso, Texas region.
  • To identify high-risk zones for IV to inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies.
  • To enhance the role of forensic nurses in addressing IV through targeted recognition, response, and safety protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 384 interpersonal violence (IV) incidences from 2017-2022.
  • Utilized zip code data from medical records of patients seen by sexual assault nurse examiners.
  • Employed spatial analysis, hotspot identification, and establishment overlay mapping.

Main Results:

  • The average age of IV survivors was 26 years, with most aged 25-59.
  • A significant majority of survivors (78.2%) identified as Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish.
  • Spatial analysis revealed an uneven distribution of IV incidence rates, with concentrated high-risk zones in El Paso's inner city.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial analysis provides a holistic view of IV dynamics in the El Paso region.
  • Identified IV hotspots offer actionable insights for developing targeted interventions.
  • Forensic nurses can proactively address IV by integrating community understanding into prevention, education, and emergency response protocols.