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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

219
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
219
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

317
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
317
Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

86
The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
The brain organizes this information using concepts, which are mental categories grouping linguistic data,...
86
Mnemonic Devices01:23

Mnemonic Devices

57
Mnemonic devices are cognitive tools that facilitate memory retention by linking new information to familiar patterns or organizational strategies. These techniques are beneficial for remembering complex or lengthy sets of information by simplifying and structuring them in easily retrievable ways.
Acronyms
Acronyms are created by using the initial letters of a series of words to form a new word or phrase. This approach condenses complex information into a single, memorable entity. For example,...
57

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2025

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
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Monkeys can identify pictures from words.

Elizabeth Cabrera-Ruiz1,2, Marlen Alva1, Mario Treviño3

  • 1Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México.

Plos One
|February 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Rhesus monkeys can learn cross-modal associations between sounds and pictures, demonstrating working memory and generalization abilities. This research highlights their potential as a model for studying brain pathways of auditory-visual object associations.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Primate behavior
  • Cross-modal perception

Background:

  • Humans form cross-modal associations between auditory and visual stimuli.
  • The capacity for nonhuman primates to learn word-picture associations is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if rhesus macaques can learn cross-modal associations between sounds and pictures.
  • To assess their working memory and generalization capabilities in this task.

Main Methods:

  • Two rhesus macaques were trained on a delayed cross-modal match-to-sample task.
  • Monkeys matched sounds (vocalizations, words) to corresponding pictures on a touchscreen after a delay.

Main Results:

  • Monkeys successfully learned over a dozen sound-picture associations.
  • Performance remained high when exposed to sounds from different individuals, indicating generalization.

Conclusions:

  • Rhesus monkeys can learn and generalize cross-modal associations between different object types.
  • They possess working memory crucial for retaining auditory information.
  • These findings support rhesus monkeys as a valuable model for studying cross-modal association pathways in the brain.