Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 28, 2025

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
Published on: December 1, 2023
Vocal Cord Disorders
Bernadette Pendergraph1, John Cheng2, Claudia Alvarez3
1Harbor-UCLA Family Medicine Residency Program, Harbor-UCLA/Team to Win/Kaiser Permanente Sports Medicine Fellowship, 1403 West Lomita Boulevard Suite 105, Harbor City, CA 90710, USA; Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Abstract:
Vocal cord disorders present with a variety of symptoms including dysphonia, respiratory symptoms, and stridor. When evaluating symptoms, a complete history and through head, neck, and neurologic examinations are necessary. If dysphonia persists for greater than 4 w or there is associated smoking, then larngoscopy is necessary to evaluate the vocal folds. Empiric treatment of dysphonia is not recommended without direct visualization of the vocal folds. Most masses of the vocal folds are benign and resolve with voice hygiene and speech therapy. Surgery is reserved for persistent symptomatic nodules and cancerous lesions.
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