Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Comprehensive Clinical Review

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology
• Hematology
• Immunology

Background:

• Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rare systemic autoimmune disease.
• Characterized by persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), thrombosis, and obstetric morbidity.
• Can be primary or secondary to other autoimmune diseases like lupus.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize current understanding of APS pathogenesis.
• To review diagnostic approaches for APS.
• To outline treatment strategies for APS.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review on APS.
• Focus on pathophysiological mechanisms.
• Analysis of diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

• APS pathogenesis involves complex interactions of aPL, proteins, and coagulation.
• Wide spectrum of clinical manifestations beyond thrombosis and obstetric issues.
• 2023 ACR/EULAR criteria aid in further APS investigation.

Conclusions:

• Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are crucial for reducing APS morbidity.
• Familiarization with 2023 ACR/EULAR criteria is encouraged.
• Further research needed to optimize APS treatment and understand mechanisms.