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Eyelid Contact Dermatitis: 25-Year Single-Center Retrospective Study
Giovanni Rubegni1, Tommaso Padula1, Laura Calabrese2
1Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 13, 2025
Summary
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) of the eyelids is often caused by metals like nickel, cobalt, and thimerosal. Unique eyelid skin properties and hand-eye contact influence sensitization patterns.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Allergology
- Immunology
Background:
- Eyelid dermatitis, characterized by itching and edema, is frequently caused by allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).
- The thin, permeable eyelid skin is highly susceptible to allergens.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify common allergens causing eyelid ACD.
- To compare eyelid ACD allergens with those causing ACD in other body regions.
- To analyze allergen trends over 25 years.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study of 7955 patients patch-tested for ACD (1997-2021).
- Identification of eyelid ACD cases based on clinical presentation and patch test results.
- Statistical analysis of demographic data, atopy history, and allergen associations.
Main Results:
- Eyelid ACD affected 4.6% of patients, predominantly women.
- Nickel sulfate, cobalt chloride, and thimerosal were the most frequent allergens.
- Nickel sensitization increased, while thimerosal decreased over time.
Conclusions:
- Eyelid ACD allergens overlap with those in other body sites, including metals, fragrances, and preservatives.
- Eyelid skin's unique characteristics and hand-eye contact are crucial in sensitization.
- Further research is needed to understand eyelid ACD pathophysiology and develop prevention strategies.
