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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
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Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
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Extraction of Chlorogenic Acid Using Single and Mixed Solvents.

Hyeon Ji Jeon1,2, Bong-Seop Lee1,2, Changhyup Park2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied chlorogenic acid solubility in water and ethanol mixtures. Maximum solubility was observed in specific mixtures, influenced by temperature and molecular interactions, aiding pharmaceutical extraction.

Keywords:
COSMO-SACHansen solubility parameterchlorogenic acidextractionmixed solvents

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacognosy
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Chlorogenic acid exhibits valuable pharmaceutical and biomedical properties, including anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.
  • Efficient extraction of chlorogenic acid is crucial for its application, necessitating an understanding of its solubility.
  • Solvent choice impacts extraction economics and environmental safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the solubility of chlorogenic acid in water, ethanol, and their mixtures.
  • To determine the influence of temperature and solvent composition on solubility.
  • To validate predictive models for chlorogenic acid solubility.

Main Methods:

  • Solubility measurements of chlorogenic acid were conducted in water-ethanol mixtures at temperatures ranging from 298 K to 318 K.
  • The COSMO-SAC model and Hansen solubility parameter method were employed for theoretical prediction.
  • Analysis of molecular surface charge density (σ-profile) was used to explain solubility trends.

Main Results:

  • Chlorogenic acid solubility increased with temperature across all tested solvents.
  • Solubility was higher in pure ethanol than in pure water.
  • Maximum solubility in mixed solvents was achieved at a specific water content, correlating with σ-profile similarity.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature and solvent composition significantly affect chlorogenic acid solubility.
  • The COSMO-RS and Hansen solubility parameter methods accurately predict solubility trends.
  • Understanding molecular interactions via σ-profiles is key to optimizing chlorogenic acid extraction.