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Off-axis phase modulation for SU(2) mode sorting.

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    We introduce a new method for sorting SU(2) modes using off-axis phase modulation, enabling efficient signal demultiplexing. This technique successfully sorts 18 SU(2) modes and supports high-speed communication links.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical communications
    • Quantum information science

    Background:

    • Multi-singularity structured beams with SU(2) modes offer enhanced communication capacity through orthogonal degrees of freedom.
    • Current SU(2) mode recognition faces challenges in signal demultiplexing, specifically in mode sorting and separation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a novel SU(2) mode sorting strategy for efficient signal demultiplexing.
    • To overcome limitations in current SU(2) mode sorting techniques, including multi-mode conversion and separation.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed an off-axis phase modulation strategy combining conjugate and gradient phase modulation.
    • Converted SU(2) modes into quasi-Gaussian modes with tailored diffraction angles for spatial separation.
    • Implemented a proof-of-concept SU(2) mode multiplexing communication link.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully sorted 18 SU(2) modes (central OAM, sub-beam OAM, coherent-state phase) with crosstalk below -13.8 dB.
    • Achieved a 100 Gbit/s quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) transmission with bit error rates below 10-5.
    • Demonstrated flexible spatial reallocation of SU(2) modes.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed off-axis phase modulation strategy offers an effective solution for SU(2) mode sorting.
    • This method advances multidimensional multiplexing and high-efficiency shift-keying (SK) communication.
    • The technique shows promise for future high-capacity optical communication systems.