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Stealth Nanoparticles with a "Self-Consuming" Shell for Long-Term Blood Vessel Imaging.

Tianye Cao1, Wei Yuan2, Yilin Gao1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|February 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed "self-consuming" upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that resist protein adhesion, significantly improving blood circulation time for enhanced medical imaging and cancer diagnosis.

Keywords:
UCL signalantiprotein adsorptionblood vessel imagingupconversion nanoparticle“self-consuming” shell

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-based imaging offers advantages like minimal autofluorescence and deep tissue penetration for medical applications.
  • Protein corona formation on nanocarriers after intravenous administration hinders targeted delivery by triggering immune responses.
  • Effective strategies are needed to prevent protein adsorption and improve the in vivo performance of UCNPs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel surface-camouflaging strategy for UCNPs to reduce protein corona formation and enhance their stealth properties.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of the camouflaged UCNPs in reducing protein adhesion and prolonging blood circulation time.
  • To demonstrate the utility of these UCNPs for in vivo imaging of tumor vasculature and fine tissue structures.

Main Methods:

  • A "self-consuming" inorganic-shell modification using lanthanide hydroxyl carbonate was applied to UCNPs, creating amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified UCNPs (UCSP-PEG).
  • Protein corona adhesion was quantified using ex vivo assays to compare UCSP-PEG with unmodified UCNPs.
  • Blood circulation time and in vivo upconverted luminescence (UCL) imaging of tumor-related blood vessels were assessed in animal models.

Main Results:

  • The UCSP-PEG demonstrated a reduction in protein corona adhesion by over 90% compared to controls.
  • UCSP-PEG exhibited a significantly prolonged blood circulation half-life (73.9 ± 9.5 min), 185 times longer than UCNPs without the stealth feature.
  • UCL imaging successfully monitored tumor-related blood vessels for over 120 minutes, with high-resolution capillary observation possible using a dual-channel stereoscope magnification system.

Conclusions:

  • The novel "self-consuming" inorganic shell effectively camouflages UCNPs, minimizing protein adhesion and immune system interception.
  • The enhanced stealth properties and prolonged circulation time of UCSP-PEG make them promising nanovehicles for advanced tissue imaging.
  • This technology holds potential for improving targeted cancer diagnosis and monitoring biological activities at the fine tissue level.