BMAL1 Regulates Collagen Production in the Myometrium and Leiomyomas

Infertility and reproductive issues are commonly observed in animals with clock abnormalities. Substantial rodent data is available; however, relatively few studies have investigated the connection between fertility and clock abnormalities in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the expression of circadian clock genes and their impact on genes involved in collagen production in the human myometrium and leiomyomas (LM). The relationship between the expression of brain and muscle aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor-nuclear-translocator (Arnt)-like protein-1 (BMAL1) and the genes responsible for collagen synthesis in the human MM and LMs were investigated. Human MM and LM tissues were collected for analysis from patients who underwent hysterectomy analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis, cell culturing, immunofluorescence, small interfering RNA transfection, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, scratch wound assays, and transwell assays were employed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular processes. A correlation was found between BMAL1 expression and genes regulating collagen synthesis in primary cultures of human MM and LM cells. Moreover, the inhibition of BMAL1 differentially increased the migration and invasion of MM and LM cells. This work discloses the role of BMAL1 in collagen production in primary cultures of human MM and LM cells, offering insight into clock gene involvement in both normal and pathological uterine conditions. Furthermore, this study highlights the crucial role of BMAL1 in collagen synthesis in human MM and LM cells, underscoring the significance of BMAL1 in the regulation of reproductive physiology. These results suggest that BMAL1 might be a useful target molecule for anti-LM therapy.