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Association between potential factors and dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Kuiliang Yang1,2, Shangcao Wu1, Lan Ke1
1Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Background:
The 2017 TFOS DEWS II report provided an overview of the epidemiology of dry eye disease (DED) and identified several potential risk factors. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis on these potential risk factors.
Methods:
A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to include observational studies. Two researchers independently extracted adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and a random-effects model was used to combine the data. Results were reported using odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% CIs.
Results:
The meta-analysis results showed that the risk factors for DED were smoking (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.07-1.29), alcohol consumption (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.03-1.35), rosacea or acne (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.56-2.45), allergic conjunctivitis (OR 4.59, 95% CI 3.38-6.23), refractive surgery (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.05-3.00), diabetes (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06-1.22), thyroid disease (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.36-1.82), viral infections (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.33-1.78), anxiety (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.30-4.39), depression (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.39-1.82), post-traumatic stress disorder (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.42-1.45), and stress (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.24-2.05). However, there was no significant association between Hispanic ethnicity, menopause, past smoking, current smoking, multivitamin use, and DED.
Conclusion:
These findings provide valuable insights for further research on the prevention and treatment of dry eye disease.
