Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of myostatin-knockout pigs: insights into muscle growth and lipid metabolism

Pigs are a vital source of protein worldwide, contributing approximately 43% of global meat production. Recent genetic advancements in the myostatin (MSTN) gene have facilitated the development of double-muscling traits in livestock. In this study, we investigate the transcriptomic profiles of second-generation MSTN-knockout (MSTN^-/-) pigs, generated through CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Using RNA sequencing, we compared the transcriptomic landscapes of muscle tissues from MSTN^-/- pigs and wild-type (WT) counterparts. The sequencing yielded an average unique read mapping rate of 86.7% to the Sus scrofa reference genome. Our analysis revealed 15,142 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 121 novel genes, with 2554 genes upregulated and 1629 downregulated in the MSTN^-/- group relative to the wild-type group. Notable transcriptomic changes were identified in genes associated with muscle development, lipid metabolism, and other physiological processes. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular consequences of MSTN inactivation, with potential applications in the optimization of livestock breeding and advancements in biomedical research.