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Related Concept Videos

Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
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Plastic Behavior01:21

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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When analyzing bending in symmetric members, it's crucial to understand how stresses distribute when subjected to bending moments. This stress distribution is effectively described by applying fundamental mechanics and material science principles, particularly Hooke's Law for elastic materials.
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Hydrostatic pressure on curved surfaces is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics with broad applications in the civil engineering field. When fluid is in contact with a curved surface, as in a reservoir, dam, or storage tank, it exerts pressure that varies in magnitude and direction along the curved surface. To assess the total hydrostatic force exerted by the fluid on a curved structure, engineers typically isolate the fluid volume adjacent to the surface and analyze the forces acting on...
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In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
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Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
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Updated: May 26, 2025

Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp
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Surface Furrowing Instability in Everting Soft Solids.

Jonghyun Hwang1, Mariana Altomare1, Howard A Stone1

  • 1Princeton University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|February 21, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extremely soft elastic solids exhibit a novel surface instability when extruded through confined spaces. This buckling phenomenon creates a furrowlike pattern, offering insights into soft material deformation and biomaterials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Rheology
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Extrusion of soft elastic solids in confined geometries presents unique challenges due to their rheological properties.
  • Understanding surface instabilities is crucial for controlling material behavior during deformation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report and characterize a novel surface instability observed during the extrusion of extremely soft elastic solids.
  • To investigate the spontaneous buckling and furrow formation at the extrusion front.
  • To contrast this instability with previously known elastic surface phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of soft solids extruding through confined geometries.
  • Theoretical analysis to understand the mechanics of the observed instability.
  • Characterization of the furrowlike morphology and its evolution over time.

Main Results:

  • A spontaneous transverse buckling of the extrusion front was observed.
  • The buckling leads to the formation of a deepening furrowlike morphology.
  • The instability is distinct from previously documented elastic surface instabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The study identifies and characterizes a new surface instability in soft elastic solids during confined extrusion.
  • The findings provide insights into the behavior of soft materials, with potential applications in biomaterials and other fields involving extrusion-like deformations.