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Updated: May 26, 2025
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In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy
Published on: September 12, 2018
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A novel type of planar reference electrodes based on ionic liquids.
Julia Kuczak1, Justyna Wojcieszek1, Marek Królikowski2
1Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland.
Analytica Chimica Acta
|February 21, 2025
Summary
Novel printed reference electrodes using ionic liquids offer a path to miniaturized electrochemical sensors. One ionic liquid, (PYR(2o1,1)+FAP-), demonstrated superior potential stability for improved sensor performance.
Area of Science:
- Electrochemistry
- Materials Science
- Sensor Technology
Background:
- Electrochemical sensors are increasingly popular, yet research on ionic liquid (IL)-based reference electrodes is limited.
- Miniaturization of reference electrodes (REs) remains a significant challenge in sensor development.
- Ionic liquids offer potential for stable and miniaturized REs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and investigate novel printed reference electrodes utilizing ionic liquids.
- To evaluate the potential stability of two new ILs: EMIM+FAP- and PYR(2o1,1)+FAP-.
- To demonstrate the application of these IL-based electrodes in a functional pH sensor.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis and characterization of two novel ionic liquids (EMIM+FAP- and PYR(2o1,1)+FAP-).
- Fabrication of reference electrodes using both classic designs and printed techniques (screen printing, aerosol jet printing).
- Implementation of IL-based membranes via drop-casting and aerosol jet printing for fully printed REs.
- Testing potential stability and performance in a simple pH sensing application.
Main Results:
- Both ILs showed promising properties for reference electrode applications.
- The ionic liquid PYR(2o1,1)+FAP- exhibited enhanced potential stability compared to EMIM+FAP-.
- Fully printed IL-based reference electrodes were successfully fabricated and demonstrated functionality.
- The planar IL-based electrode was effectively used as a reference electrode in a pH sensor, detecting pH variations.
Conclusions:
- Novel printed reference electrodes based on ionic liquids are feasible and offer advantages for miniaturization.
- The ionic liquid PYR(2o1,1)+FAP- provides superior potential stability, making it a promising candidate for advanced electrochemical sensors.
- These IL-based printed electrodes represent a significant step towards practical, miniaturized electrochemical sensing systems.
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