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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Hybrid Printing for the Fabrication of Smart Sensors

Hybrid Printing for the Fabrication of Smart Sensors

Published on: January 31, 2019

Fully Screen-Printed Pressure Sensing Insole-From Proof of Concept to Scalable Manufacturing.

Piotr Walter¹, Andrzej Pepłowski¹, Filip Budny¹

¹Printed Electronics, Textronics & Assembly Lab, Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 19 Poleczki, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|March 14, 2026

Summary

Researchers developed low-cost, screen-printed insoles for continuous plantar pressure monitoring. These wearable sensors offer an affordable alternative for gait analysis and detecting abnormal foot loading.

Keywords:

graphene-based nanocomposites plantar pressure sensing pressure sensing insole printed electronics screen-printed sensors wearable gait monitoring

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Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Hybrid Printing for the Fabrication of Smart Sensors

Hybrid Printing for the Fabrication of Smart Sensors

Published on: January 31, 2019

Author Spotlight: Microfluidic Channel-Based Soft Electrodes and Their Application in Capacitive Pressure Sensing

Author Spotlight: Microfluidic Channel-Based Soft Electrodes and Their Application in Capacitive Pressure Sensing

Published on: March 17, 2023

Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment

Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment

Published on: July 22, 2022

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Biomedical Engineering
Wearable Technology

Background:

Continuous plantar-pressure monitoring is crucial for gait analysis and detecting foot abnormalities.
Existing solutions are often lab-bound or prohibitively expensive.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and optimize a manufacturable, screen-printed pressure-sensing insole.
To bridge the gap between lab-based sensors and scalable printed electronics.

Main Methods:

Formulated composite pastes with carbon fillers (graphene, carbon black, graphite) for improved sensor performance.
Systematically evaluated effects of paste composition, screen printing parameters, and lamination.
Integrated printed sensing pads, contacts, dielectric spacer, and adhesive layer.

Main Results:

Achieved sensor sensitivity of 10.5 ± 2.8 Ω per 100 N with a 22.1% coefficient of variation.
Demonstrated low variation (4% at 500 g) and a detection limit of ~0.1 N in static load tests.
Validated the use of integrated quality-control meanders for monitoring printing process stability.

Conclusions:

Screen-printed electronics offer a viable, low-cost method for robust plantar pressure sensing.
The developed insole is suitable for integration into wearable electronics for continuous monitoring.
This technology advances accessible solutions for gait analysis and foot health monitoring.