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How Point (Single-Probability) Tasks Are Affected by Probability Format, Part 2: A Making Numbers Meaningful

Jessica S Ancker1, Natalie C Benda2, Mohit M Sharma3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Different ways of presenting health data, like using "1 in X" formats or icon arrays, effectively change how people perceive probabilities. However, influencing actual health behaviors remains a challenge, with weak evidence on patient preferences for data formats.

Keywords:
data graphicshealth communicationhealth literacynumeracyrisk communicationrisk perception

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Area of Science:

  • Health Communication
  • Risk Perception
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The "Making Numbers Meaningful" review provides guidance on how data presentation formats impact health number comprehension.
  • This article focuses on research examining "point tasks" where individuals extract information about single probabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present evidence on how data presentation formats affect probability perceptions, feelings, health behaviors, trust, preferences, and discrimination outcomes.
  • To synthesize findings from studies comparing different quantitative health information presentation formats for lay audiences.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of experimental and quasi-experimental research comparing at least two data presentation formats.
  • Inclusion of studies from multiple databases (MEDLINE, Embase, etc.) and hand searches.
  • Extraction of data on stimulus (data format), task, and outcomes, reporting 466 findings from 161 articles.

Main Results:

  • Moderate to strong evidence shows formats like "1 in X", icon arrays, bar charts, anecdotes, framing, and verbal probabilities influence probability perceptions and feelings.
  • Only "1 in X" format, anecdotes, and framing demonstrated moderate to strong evidence in influencing health behaviors and intentions.
  • Research on patient preferences for numerical, graphical, and verbal formats yielded only weak evidence.

Conclusions:

  • The link between probability perception and health behavior is not strongly supported by current evidence, as many studies focus on short-term responses rather than long-term behaviors.
  • Evidence on influencing health behaviors through number communication is weaker than evidence for influencing perceptions.
  • Patient preferences for different numerical, graphical, and verbal probability formats lack strong evidence for stable and predictable patterns.