Sun Protection Knowledge and Behaviors Among Agricultural Industry Workers in Pennsylvania

Outdoor occupations like agriculture expose individuals to higher levels of ultraviolet radiation, increasing the risk of skin cancer. Although most individuals in agriculture recognize the importance of sun protection, adherence to preventive measures may be inconsistent. Our study aimed to explore sun protection behaviors among agricultural industry workers in Pennsylvania and identify specific barriers faced in practicing sun safety.

We conducted a convenience sample survey at the largest indoor agriculture exposition in the country (Pennsylvania Farm Show). The survey, based on established measures, assessed sun protection practices among agricultural industry workers using a 2-page questionnaire covering demographics, sun protection habits, barriers, and skin examination history. Exclusion criteria included not identifying as an agricultural industry worker, age under 18, and inability to read and understand English. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and multivariable logistic regression, controlling for age, gender, education, skin tone, previous skin cancer diagnosis, and occupational sector, were employed in analysis.

The response rate was 86%, with 7 of 202 surveys excluded (n = 195). Regarding sun exposure knowledge, 63.1% believed their skin cancer risk was higher than indoor workers, and 80.0% perceived unprotected sun exposure as harmful. However, 71.8% reported infrequent sunscreen use. The most common barrier to sun protection was forgetting (49.2%), and 59.0% noted their workplace lacked built-in sun protection. Regression models revealed lower education, darker skin tones, and male gender as significant predictors of underestimating sun exposure risks (p < .01). Men were less likely than women to discuss sun protection with their primary care providers, undergo skin checks, or receive sun protection information from healthcare providers (p < .05). Additionally, men were less likely than women to regularly wear and reapply sunscreen but more likely to wear hats of any type (p < .05).

Despite awareness of skin cancer risk, reported sun protection usage among agricultural industry workers in Pennsylvania was inconsistent, highlighting the need for interventions tailored to addressing barriers like forgetfulness. This study compares sun protection practices between occupational sectors within agriculture. Future qualitative research studies focusing on specific sectors and their unique practices are crucial for developing tailored messaging strategies and targeted, workplace-based interventions.