A Blockchain Parallel Activity Architecture with Social Network Graphs as Carriers for Internet of Things Networks

There is a need for information transactions between nodes in the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology can guarantee the anonymity and security of such transactions. However, current blockchain systems require networks to be connected in real time, but IoT networks cannot fulfill this requirement. Therefore, we put forward a blockchain parallel activity architecture using carriers (CBPA), which is capable of deploying blockchain systems on IoT networks. Firstly, the blockchain operation architecture, and its components are demonstrated. Secondly, the generation methods of the carrier, the carrier block and the transaction block are designed, respectively. Additionally, a feature-to-transaction correspondence algorithm is proposed, with the objective of accommodating the previous work of nodes when they are in a disconnected state within the network. Thirdly, a parallel generation method for transaction blocks is designed to permit multiple nodes to collaborate in generating blocks, thereby reducing the difficulty of block generation while accelerating the generation speed. Finally, intra-block and cross-block conflict resolution algorithms, as well as a block consensus and fork processing algorithm, are designed to ensure that nodes can participate in blockchain activities without being at a disadvantage and obtain legal benefits even when operating on a network with high communication latency. Theoretical analysis indicates that CBPA has both security and liveness. The experimental results show that when the block size is 1MB, CBPA improves the average throughput by about 10% and reduces the average latency by about 14% compared to existing schemes. When the percentage of failed nodes reaches about 18%, the blocking time increases significantly, and the valid block rate decreases by 0.2%. The proposed CBPA architecture expands the applicable blockchain network and provides practical solutions for disconnected operations.