Intestinal IncRNAs and circRNAs Regulated by Dietary-Lipid Stimuli

A diet rich in lipids can lead to many deleterious conditions, which involve many regulatory molecules, such as non-coding (nc)RNAs. We aimed to analyze the effects of high dietary lipid exposure on the expression of intestinal ncRNAs (long non-coding [lncRNAs] and circular [circRNAs]). lncRNAs and circRNAs were screened, both in vivo (mice) and in vitro (human intestinal organoids). In vivo, 15 lncRNAs (9 up- and 6 downregulated) and 41 circRNAs (13 up- and 28 downregulated) were modulated 3 h after a lipid challenge, while the expression of 11 lncRNAs (4 up- and 7 downregulated) was altered after 4 days of daily high-fat diet intake. In vitro, 251 up- and 387 downregulated lncRNAs, along with 19 up- and 16 downregulated circRNAs, were found 3 h after the exposure to a dietary-lipid stimulus, whereas 111 up- and 86 downregulated lncRNAs were found 24 h after exposure. Concord between the differently expressed ncRNAs found in both studies was scarce. Numerous differentially expressed lncRNAs and circRNAs have been found in response to dietary lipids both in mice and humans organoids. A potential association between many of these ncRNAs and lipid metabolism is suggested, but ncRNAs found differ greatly between humans and mice.