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BASELINE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTEMPORARY ADULT CHRONIC RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE IN IBADAN, NIGERIA
O S Ogah1,2, A T Adeyanju2, E P Iyawe3
1Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Insights
Rheumatic heart disease remains a significant cause of heart problems in Ibadan, Nigeria. Early screening and improved healthcare access are crucial for managing this condition, especially in high-risk populations.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) poses a substantial global health challenge, particularly in developing nations.
- Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced the most significant rise in RHD incidence over three decades, exacerbating the cardiovascular disease burden.
- Limited contemporary data exists on the clinical profile of RHD in Nigeria.
Purpose of the Study:
- To delineate the clinical characteristics of adult patients diagnosed with RHD.
- To analyze patient demographics, clinical presentations, and echocardiographic findings at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective analysis of adult patients (≥18 years) diagnosed with RHD.
- Data collected from September 2016 to August 2021 at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Included bio-data, clinical features, and echocardiographic diagnoses.
Main Results:
- Ninety-two cases of RHD were diagnosed during the study period.
- The majority of patients (70.8%) presented with NYHA Class II heart failure.
- Dyspnea on exertion and nocturnal cough were the most frequent symptoms (64.1%), with mitral regurgitation being the predominant valve lesion (65.4%).
Conclusions:
- Rheumatic heart disease continues to be a prevalent cause of adult heart disease in Ibadan.
- There is an urgent need for enhanced screening in high-risk groups.
- Improving healthcare access and secondary prophylaxis uptake is vital for controlling RHD burden.
Introduction:
Introduction: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a major public health issue, especially in developing countries. Globally, the largest increase in RHD incidence over 30 years was seen in sub-Saharan Africa, further contributing to the burden of cardiovascular disease in a region with high rates of hypertensive heart disease and cardiomyopathies. There are few reports describing the contemporary clinical profile of RHD in Nigeria.
Objective:
The objective of the study is to describe the profile of RHD at the University College Hospital Ibadan.
Methodology:
This is an analysis of data collected on adult patients aged 18 years and above attending the cardiology service of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between September 1, 2016, and August 31, 2021. We collected information on the bio-data, clinical features, and echocardiographic diagnoses.
Results:
During this period, 92 cases of RHD were diagnosed and 24 (26.1%) were male. The mean age of the study population was 49.67 ± 17.54 years, with ages ranging from 16 to 86 years. Most participants (45.7%) were within the age group of 30-49 years. Most (70.8%) of the participants presented in NYHA Class II heart failure. The most common presentation mode was dyspnea on exertion and nocturnal cough (64.1%). Mitral regurgitation was the commonest lesion (65.4%).
Conclusion:
Rheumatic heart disease is still a common cause of adult heart disease in Ibadan. There is a need for concerted efforts to tackle the burden of this disease by increasing screening among high-risk groups, improving access to healthcare, and increasing the uptake of secondary prophylaxis in those with a previous history of rheumatic fever.
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