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Cell-Level Modelling of Homeostasis in Confined Epithelial Monolayers.

Kvs Chaithanya1,2, Jan Rozman3, Andrej Košmrlj4,5

  • 1School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH UK.

Journal of Elasticity
|February 27, 2025
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Tissue homeostasis relies on balancing cell division and removal to maintain a steady state. This study reveals how tissue mechanics and environment influence this dynamic balance in epithelial tissues.

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Epithelial homeostasisTissue mechanicsVertex models

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Tissue engineering

Background:

  • Tissue homeostasis is crucial for organism development and function.
  • Dysregulation of tissue homeostasis can lead to severe diseases.
  • Understanding the mechanical factors influencing tissue homeostasis is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of tissue environment and cell mechanics on homeostasis in confined epithelial tissues.
  • To characterize the homeostatic state using a vertex model.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying tissue homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the vertex model for cell-level description of tissue mechanics.
  • Simulated confined epithelial tissues.
  • Analyzed cell proliferation, removal, cell count, tissue area, homeostatic pressure, and neighbor cell distribution.

Main Results:

  • Identified a dynamic steady state where homeostasis is maintained by balancing cell division and removal.
  • Characterized the homeostatic state by key parameters including cell count, tissue area, and cell neighbor distribution.
  • Demonstrated the influence of the tissue environment and local cell mechanics on homeostatic regulation.

Conclusions:

  • The balance between cell division and removal is key to sustaining tissue homeostasis.
  • Mechanical properties and the tissue environment significantly impact homeostatic control.
  • This research provides insights into the mechanisms governing tissue homeostasis and the role of mechanics.