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Gradient Sodium Deficiency Optimization in O3-Type Cathode Materials for Superior Performance and Air Stability.

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Hierarchical composition regulation creates sodium gradients in O3-type layered oxides, enhancing air stability and cycling performance for sodium-ion batteries. This strategy improves capacity retention and electrochemical stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • O3-type layered oxides are promising for sodium-ion batteries due to synthesis ease and high sodium content.
  • Complex phase transitions and poor air stability hinder their practical application.
  • Sodium deficiency improves stability but reduces capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a hierarchical composition regulation strategy for O3-type layered oxides.
  • To achieve radial concentration control of sodium, creating sodium gradients.
  • To enhance air stability, electrochemical performance, and cycling stability.

Main Methods:

  • Hierarchical composition regulation strategy for radial sodium concentration control.
  • Construction of radially distributed sodium gradients in O3-type layered oxides.
  • Electrochemical testing including cycling stability and air stability tests.

Main Results:

  • The gradient Na content structure alleviates volume changes during O3-P3 phase transition.
  • Suppression of Na+/H+ exchange leads to enhanced air stability and kinetic performance.
  • The modified cathode shows 93.37% capacity retention after 400 cycles at 5C.
  • Maintained 84.9 mAh g-1 capacity after 300 cycles at 1C under humid and CO2-rich conditions, with 77.27% retention.

Conclusions:

  • Radial sodium concentration control is a viable strategy for improving O3-type layered oxide cathode materials.
  • This approach enhances air stability, electrochemical performance, and cycling stability.
  • Contributes to the development of high-performance, air-stable sodium-ion battery cathodes.