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Paper-based microfluidic device for serum zinc assay by colorimetry.

Kalpita Nath1, Debasish Sarkar2, Sunando DasGupta1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India. sunando@che.iitkgp.ac.in.

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Summary

A new paper-based microfluidic device (μPAD) enables rapid, low-cost detection of serum zinc concentration using smartphone imaging. This innovation aids in diagnosing zinc deficiency, crucial for community healthcare and resource-limited settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Zinc is vital for human health, and deficiency causes malnutrition.
  • Accurate, accessible methods for measuring serum zinc are needed for community healthcare.
  • Current diagnostic methods can be expensive and inaccessible in resource-limited settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a low-cost, paper-based microfluidic device (μPAD) for quantifying serum zinc concentration.
  • To develop a colorimetric detection method using dithizone and smartphone-based image analysis.
  • To validate the device's accuracy against gold-standard methods for real-world application.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a μPAD with dithizone-doped spotting zones for zinc detection.
  • Colorimetric analysis of zinc-chelates using smartphone photography and image processing.
  • Optimization of the μPAD design and doping protocol for linear correlation with zinc concentration.
  • Validation using artificial plasma and real human blood serum samples.

Main Results:

  • The μPAD demonstrated a monotonic color change with zinc concentration across the physiological range (5-25 μM).
  • Optimized protocols yielded high linearity in water (R² = 0.94) and artificial plasma (R² = 0.98).
  • The device accurately measured zinc levels in real serum samples, showing high parity with gold-standard methods.

Conclusions:

  • The developed μPAD offers a rapid, inexpensive, and accurate method for serum zinc measurement.
  • This technology has significant potential for diagnosing micronutrient malnutrition in community healthcare settings.
  • The device is suitable for resource-limited environments, improving accessibility to essential diagnostics.