Encapsulation of Zootechnical Additives for Poultry and Swine Feeding: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Animal Nutrition and Feed Science
• Veterinary Pharmacology
• Food Science and Technology

Background:

• Antibiotic use in animal production faces increasing scrutiny due to resistance concerns.
• Essential oils and organic acids are explored as natural alternatives with beneficial properties.
• Encapsulation technologies aim to improve the stability and efficacy of these compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review scientific literature on encapsulated essential oils and organic acids in poultry and swine feed.
• To assess the potential of these encapsulated compounds as alternatives to conventional antibiotics.
• To identify key factors for maximizing their effectiveness in animal nutrition.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines.
• Searched PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies published between 2013 and July 2024.
• Included 21 relevant articles after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Main Results:

• Encapsulation maintains the properties of essential oils and organic acids, ensuring stability and controlled release.
• These encapsulated compounds show potential to reduce reliance on antibiotics in animal production.
• Effective use depends on selecting appropriate encapsulation technologies, agents, and additives.

Conclusions:

• Encapsulated essential oils and organic acids represent a viable strategy to decrease antibiotic usage in animal agriculture.
• Further research is needed to address gaps in specific techniques and regulatory aspects.
• This review provides a foundation for future research and application in animal nutrition.