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CD138: A Potential Novel Diagnostic Marker for Cellular Neurothekeoma
Sarah Williamson1, Arlene Rosenberg1,2, Sarmad Jassim2
1Department of Dermatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology
|March 4, 2025
Summary
CD138 (syndecan-1) is frequently expressed in cellular neurothekeoma (CNT), showing a membranous and extracellular pattern. This finding suggests CD138 may aid in diagnosing CNT alongside NKI/C3 and MITF markers.
Area of Science:
- Dermatopathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Oncology
Background:
- Cellular neurothekeoma (CNT) is a skin tumor.
- CD138 (syndecan-1) expression was incidentally observed in a CNT case.
- The consistency of CD138 expression in CNT requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the frequency and pattern of CD138 expression in cellular neurothekeoma (CNT).
- To compare CD138 expression with established CNT markers (NKI/C3, MITF).
- To evaluate CD138 as a potential diagnostic marker for CNT.
Main Methods:
- Immunohistochemical analysis of CD138, NKI/C3, and MITF on 20 CNT skin biopsy specimens.
- Comparison with control cases including xanthogranuloma (XG), dermal Spitz nevi, and epithelioid fibrous histiocytomas (EFH).
Main Results:
- CD138 was expressed in 95% of CNT cases, primarily in a membranous and extracellular pattern.
- NKI/C3 and MITF were expressed in 83% and 72% of CNT cases, respectively.
- CD138 showed low expression in control lesions (10-17%).
Conclusions:
- CD138 is a consistent finding in cellular neurothekeoma (CNT).
- CD138 expression is distinct from that seen in similar-appearing tumors.
- CD138 can serve as a valuable adjunctive marker in CNT diagnosis when used with NKI/C3 and MITF.
