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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

A Flow Cytometry-Based Cell Surface Protein Binding Assay for Assessing Selectivity and Specificity of an Anticancer Aptamer
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Aptamer based immunotherapy: a potential solid tumor therapeutic.

Sarmilah Mathavan1,2, Yew Joon Tam2, Khairul Mohd Fadzli Mustaffa3

  • 1Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Frontiers in Immunology
|March 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aptamers offer a promising personalized immunotherapy for solid tumors. Enhancements in stability and bioavailability are crucial for their clinical success in cancer treatment.

Keywords:
aptamerchemical modificationclinical trialsimmunotherapyregulatorytumor

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Aptamers are synthetic nucleic acids offering targeted cancer therapy.
  • They show potential in cellular immunotherapy, cytokine modulation, and immune checkpoint suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in aptamer-based immunotherapy for solid tumors.
  • To highlight clinical trials and discuss challenges and improvements in aptamer technology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on aptamer applications in cancer therapy.
  • Analysis of clinical trials involving specific aptamer drug candidates (AON-D21, AM003).
  • Discussion of chemical modifications and emerging aptamer types (SOMAmers, X-aptamers).

Main Results:

  • Aptamers demonstrate potent immune regulation and tumor targeting capabilities.
  • Key challenges include aptamer instability, renal clearance, and nuclease degradation.
  • Chemical modifications like PEGylation and cholesterol conjugation enhance stability and circulation time.

Conclusions:

  • Aptamer-based immunotherapy holds significant promise for personalized cancer treatment.
  • Addressing stability, bioavailability, and regulatory concerns is vital for clinical translation.
  • Further research is needed to overcome existing limitations and expand aptamer applications in oncology.