Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

7.7K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
7.7K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.3K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.3K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

1.9K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
1.9K
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

2.6K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
2.6K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.0K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.0K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

1.9K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
1.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

REGENECYTE cord blood cell therapy in post-COVID syndrome: a phase IIa randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

EClinicalMedicine·2026
Same author

Connected nanoconfinement effects on glass transition temperature, fragility, and dye translational diffusivity in polystyrene thin films depend on molecular weight.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025
Same author

Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer Covalent Adaptable Networks Synthesized by Resonance-Stabilized, Radical-Based Reactive Processing with Excellent Elevated-Temperature Creep Resistance.

ChemSusChem·2025
Same author

Reprocessable and Highly Creep-Resistant Covalent Adaptable Networks Incorporating Azine Dynamic Cross-Links via Free-Radical Polymerization.

ACS macro letters·2025
Same author

Fully Recyclable and Remarkably Robust Cross-Linked Polyethylene Networks via Direct Free-Radical Copolymerization with Disulfide Dynamic Covalent Bonds.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Using selective lip repositioning surgery to correct gummy smile and improve facial asymmetry.

Journal of dental sciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry
07:02

The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry

Published on: August 25, 2016

13.6K

Polypropylene Covalent Adaptable Networks with Full Cross-Link Density Recovery after Reprocessing: Development by

Yen-Wen Huang1, Mathew J Suazo1, Stephanie M Barbon2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.

ACS Macro Letters
|March 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel single-step method to create dynamic covalent adaptable networks (CANs) in polypropylene (PP) homopolymers. These advanced PP CANs demonstrate full recyclability and property recovery after multiple processing steps.

More Related Videos

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.2K
Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
10:22

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer

Published on: November 30, 2020

3.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2025

The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry
07:02

The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry

Published on: August 25, 2016

13.6K
Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.2K
Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
10:22

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer

Published on: November 30, 2020

3.4K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Polymers

Background:

  • Traditional polypropylene (PP) lacks dynamic covalent cross-links, limiting its recyclability and reprocessing capabilities.
  • The development of adaptable polymer networks is crucial for creating sustainable and recyclable materials.
  • Previous methods have not achieved integrated, dynamic covalent cross-links in PP homopolymers in a single step.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize covalent adaptable networks (CANs) from polypropylene (PP) homopolymers.
  • To demonstrate a single-step method for creating dynamic covalent cross-links within PP.
  • To evaluate the recyclability and reprocessing stability of the synthesized PP CANs.

Main Methods:

  • Reactive processing of polypropylene (PP) homopolymers at 180 °C using a radical-based approach.
  • Incorporation of resonance-stabilized, aromatic disulfide cross-linkers (methacrylate-based and phenyl acrylate-based).
  • Utilized dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a free-radical initiator in the presence of varying PP molecular weights (MW) and DCP/cross-linker concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized PP CANs using both methacrylate-based and phenyl acrylate-based disulfide cross-linkers.
  • Achieved network formation at 4 wt% cross-linker and 4 wt% DCP with high MW PP (MFI=12).
  • The phenyl acrylate-based cross-linker demonstrated network formation across various concentrations and with low MW PP (MFI=35).
  • The highest cross-link density PP CAN showed complete recovery of cross-link density after three compression molding cycles.
  • Full cross-link density recovery was observed after melt extrusion reprocessing, within experimental uncertainty.

Conclusions:

  • A facile single-step method for creating dynamic covalent adaptable networks (CANs) in polypropylene (PP) homopolymers has been established.
  • The synthesized PP CANs exhibit remarkable reprocessing stability and full recyclability, retaining their cross-link density after multiple cycles.
  • This advancement offers a promising route towards more sustainable and circular applications for polypropylene-based materials.