Fabrication and Characterization of a Flexible Polyurethane-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for a Harvesting Energy...

Powering wearable and portable devices, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are a considerably promising technology. Low-cost production, ease of fabrication, optimal efficiency, and high output performance are always key concerns in developing energy harvesting technologies. Optimum efficiency and high output are always key concerns. This research addresses the ongoing challenge of raising efficient, flexible, and lightweight energy harvesting systems for recent wearable technologies. In this research, a triboelectric nanogenerator is proposed for harvesting the triboelectric effect. Using polyurethane (PU), a bendable TENG that is in the vertical contact separation mode was developed. UV-curable PU forms the basis of TENGs. A sponge, repurposed from landfill waste, acts by means of a spacer to maintain a consistent air gap between the tribo-layers for enhanced triboelectrification. The triboelectric nanogenerators formed a V_oc approaching 500 V and a current of ~2 µA and also showed high performance with a power density of 8.53 W/m². In addition, the triboelectric nanogenerator can light LEDs and charge capacitors, making it a self-powered energy source for portable devices, Wi-Fi, and monitoring systems. The proposed TENG provides a capable solution for sustainable, self-powered wearable electronics and has the potential for further development in energy-efficient and eco-friendly applications.