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Time-Resolved Diamond Magnetic Microscopy of Superparamagnetic Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles.

Bryan A Richards1,2, Nathaniel Ristoff1,2, Janis Smits1

  • 1Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States.

ACS Nano
|March 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals significant magnetic property variations in superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) using advanced diamond microscopy. The findings highlight SPIONs

Keywords:
Néel relaxationmagnetic microscopynitrogen vacancy centersquantum sensingsuperparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Imaging

Background:

  • Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are valuable for biomedical imaging but possess heterogeneous magnetic properties challenging to characterize.
  • Existing ensemble methods often obscure individual SPION magnetic behaviors, limiting understanding of their potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the magnetic properties of individual SPIONs with high resolution.
  • To investigate the heterogeneity of magnetic responses in a population of SPIONs.
  • To explore the dynamics of SPION magnetization relaxation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized wide-field magnetic microscopy based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond to image stray magnetic fields of individual SPIONs (∼30 nm).
  • Analyzed magnetic field patterns as a function of applied magnetic field to determine magnetization components.
  • Employed time-resolved magnetic microscopy to record SPION Néel relaxation dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Observed substantial field-dependent transverse magnetization components in individual SPIONs, typically hidden by ensemble measurements.
  • Found negligible hysteresis across magnetization components for most SPIONs, with many exhibiting sharp Langevin saturation curves.
  • Recorded a broad distribution of SPION Néel relaxation times (milliseconds to seconds), demonstrating significant sample heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • Diamond magnetic microscopy effectively reveals rich heterogeneity in SPION magnetic properties.
  • The observed variations in magnetization and relaxation times are critical for optimizing SPIONs in biomedical applications.
  • This technique offers a powerful platform for fundamental studies in nanomagnetism.