PASCAL - A Collaboration Technique Between Non-Collocated Avatars in Large Collaborative Virtual Environments

Collaborative work in large virtual environments often requires transitions from loosely-coupled collaboration at different locations to tightly-coupled collaboration at a common meeting point. Inspired by prior work on the continuum between these extremes, we present two novel interaction techniques designed to share spatial context while collaborating over large virtual distances. The first method replicates the familiar setup of a video conference by providing users with a virtual tablet to share video feeds with their peers. The second method called PASCAL (Parallel Avatars in a Shared Collaborative Aura Link) enables users to share their immediate spatial surroundings with others by creating synchronized copies of it at the remote locations of their collaborators. We evaluated both techniques in a within-subject user study, in which 24 participants were tasked with solving a puzzle in groups of two. Our results indicate that the additional contextual information provided by PASCAL had significantly positive effects on task completion time, ease of communication, mutual understanding, and co-presence. As a result, our insights contribute to the repertoire of successful interaction techniques to mediate between loosely- and tightly-coupled work in collaborative virtual environments.