Gender Discrimination in Otolaryngology: A Cross-Sectional Survey in India

This study aims to investigate gender discrimination among otolaryngologists in India, focusing on the experiences of male and female ENT doctors regarding career progression, workplace treatment, and opportunities. We conducted an online, cross-sectional survey targeting both junior and senior ENT doctors across India. The survey included demographic questions and assessed experiences related to gender bias, career choices, and workplace interactions. Data were collected through a snowball sampling technique and analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. A total of 308 responses were received, with 82.1% from females. Nearly half of the respondents reported being advised to choose ENT for its work-life balance, with a significant disparity favoring females. While 71.4% felt gender was not considered in assignments, 28.6% perceived bias, notably among females (25.6%). Additionally, 42.7% of females reported being denied opportunities due to maternity concerns. Although 82.1% felt respected at work, 20.9% of females expressed feeling disrespected. A significant number of respondents noted subtle harassment, with 51.6% believing such comments were dismissed as humor. The study highlights significant gender disparities faced by female otolaryngologists in India, revealing systemic biases in career advancement and workplace treatment. Despite these challenges, there is a recognition of female leadership potential. The findings emphasize the need for institutional reforms to support gender equality in otolaryngology and promote a more inclusive professional environment.