Gender Differences in Household Indoor Air Pollution Practices and Health Communication Preferences in Dubai

Indoor air pollution (IAP) is an important public health issue in urban households, particularly in hot climates where residents spend substantial time indoors. While the health risks of indoor air pollution are increasingly recognised, gender differences in exposure-related behaviours, risk perception, and health communication preferences remain underexplored in Gulf cities. This study examined gender differences in awareness, household practices, and preferred information channels related to IAP among English-speaking adults in Dubai. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1014 adults using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable regression analyses were used to examine gender-based patterns. Overall, participants showed moderate awareness of IAP; gender differences emerged across each of the four behavioural domains examined, with women more likely to use chemical-based cleaners and to open windows for ventilation. After controlling for age and education, women were significantly more likely than men to use traditional chemical-based cleaners (β = 0.69; p < 0.001) and to open windows for ventilation (β = 0.78; p < 0.001), while men more frequently relied on mechanical methods such as air filters and ceiling fans. Women were more likely to express interest in learning about IAP (adjusted OR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.71-3.79) and to prefer community-based, informal channels such as awareness campaigns and social media. These gender differences persisted after adjustment for age and education, suggesting that indoor air quality behaviours and communication preferences may vary systematically by gender in this sample. Among this English-speaking convenience sample, gender differences were observed in household practices and preferred communication channels. These findings provide preliminary evidence that may help inform future public health communication strategies in Dubai but should not be interpreted as representative of the wider Dubai population.